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Method 1 — Classic hot coffee (pour-over style with basic tools)

You need:

• Ground coffee (medium grind — like coarse sand)
• Hot water (not boiling)
• Mug
• Spoon
• Filter (paper / cloth / even clean thin fabric)

Steps

1. Heat water
   • Bring water to a boil, then wait 30 seconds
   • Ideal temp ≈ 90–96°C (boiling water burns coffee → bitter)
2. Add coffee
   • 1 cup = 1–2 tablespoons (10–15 g) coffee
   • Put into filter over your mug
3. Bloom (important!)
   • Pour a small amount of hot water just to wet the coffee
   • Wait 20–30 seconds
   • This releases trapped gas → smoother taste
4. Pour slowly
   • Add remaining water gradually in circles
   • Total water ≈ 200 ml per cup
5. Wait & remove filter
   • Let it drip completely
   • Done ✔

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Adjust taste

Problem	Fix
Too bitter	use cooler water / less coffee
Too sour	use hotter water / more coffee
Weak	finer grind or more coffee
Strong	add hot water (Americano style)

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Quick alternative — No filter (cowboy coffee)

1. Put 1 tbsp coffee directly into mug
2. Add hot water
3. Wait 4 minutes
4. Tap mug lightly → grounds sink
5. Drink slowly

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Optional upgrades

• Add sugar or palm sugar
• Add milk (latte style)
• Add ice → iced coffee
• Add condensed milk → Southeast Asian style